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TSQL – OVER and PARTITION BY

Source: http://www.midnightdba.com/Jen/2010/10/tip-over-and-partition-by/

Here’s a quick summary of OVER and PARTITION BY (new in SQL 2005), for the uninitiated or forgetful…

OVER

OVER allows you to get aggregate information without using a GROUP BY. In other words, you can retrieve detail rows, and get aggregate data alongside it. For example, this query:

SELECT SUM(Cost) OVER () AS Cost
, OrderNum
FROM Orders

Will return something like this:

Cost OrderNum
10.00 345
10.00 346
10.00 347
10.00 348

Quick translation:

SUM(cost) – get me the sum of the COST column
OVER – for the set of rows….
() – …that encompasses the entire result set.

OVER(PARTITION BY)

OVER, as used in our previous example, exposes the entire resultset to the aggregation…”Cost” was the sum of all [Cost] in the resultset. We can break up that resultset into partitions with the use of PARTITION BY:

SELECT SUM(Cost) OVER (PARTITION BY CustomerNo) AS Cost
, OrderNum
, CustomerNo
FROM Orders

My partition is by CustomerNo – each “window” of a single customer’s orders will be treated separately from each other “window”….I’ll get the sum of cost for Customer 1, and then the sum for Customer 2:

Cost OrderNum CustomerNo
8.00 345 1
8.00 346 1
8.00 347 1
2.00 348 2

The translation here is:

SUM(cost) – get me the sum of the COST column
OVER – for the set of rows….
(PARTITION BY CustomerNo) – …that have the same CustomerNo.